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Yes, you will have a case. But it will not be handed to you. You will have to fight for it. I don't know how that squares with your statement that you don't have the energy to fight.
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This complicated situation could blow up on you in court and the quit claim deed, along with your admitted statement of the understanding that accompanied it, could be seen as a valid postnuptial agreement. You could spend a fortune on lawyers and appeals trying to oppose this.

Don't try to dismiss the quit claim deed with your husband but, instead, try to negotiate for the best settlement you can get from him, based upon law, for any rights you may have to the retirement accounts or other assets only. Be prepared to find that the present liquidation value of these retirement accounts is a fraction of what you may imagine--although you don't have to tell your husband this.

Disclaimer: Not legal advice