Legally? You take your own student loans, and split your assets. The dog issue will have to be decided by the both of you, or a judge will do it.
Beyond that, I might look within, rather than finger pointing for your economic troubles. You state he gets about $5000 a year as an "allowance" out of your total $140,000 income, you have the rest minus taxes, yet you seem to feel he's 100% at fault for your economic problems. You racked up the $100,000 student loan. And, when I hear about filing for bankruptcy, and read the statement: "I would rather pay for a housecleaner, someone to cut the yard and get takeout," then it shows a lack of fiscal responsibility.